NAD+ inonziwo coenzyme, uye zita rayo rakazara ndicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Iyo yakakosha coenzyme mu tricarboxylic acid kutenderera. Inosimudzira metabolism yeshuga, mafuta, uye amino acids, inotora chikamu mukuumbwa kwesimba, uye inotora chikamu muzviuru zvekuitika musero rega rega. Huwandu hukuru hwe data rekuyedza hunoratidza kuti NAD + inosanganisirwa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzezviitwa zvemuviri mumutumbi, nekudaro kupindira mumabasa akakosha emasero senge simba metabolism, kugadzirisa kweDNA, genetic modification, kuzvimba, biological rhythms, uye kusagadzikana kuramba.
Zvinoenderana netsvakiridzo yakakodzera, iyo NAD + nhanho mumuviri wemunhu ichadzikira nezera. Kudzikira kweNAD + mazinga anogona kukonzera kudzikira kwetsinga, kurasikirwa kwekuona, kufutisa, basa remoyo kuderera uye kumwe kuderera kwekushanda. Naizvozvo, maitiro ekuwedzera iyo NAD + nhanho mumuviri wemunhu wagara uri mubvunzo. Musoro wekutsvaga unopisa munharaunda yebiomedical.
Nokuti, sezvatinokura, DNA kukanganisa kunowedzera. Munguva yekugadziriswa kweDNA, kudiwa kwePARP1 kunowedzera, kuita kweSIRT kushoma, NAD + kushandiswa kunowedzera, uye huwandu hweNAD + hunodzikira.
Muviri wedu wakaumbwa nemasero anosvika 37 trillion. Masero anofanirwa kupedzisa "basa" rakawanda kana ma cellular reactions - kuti vazvichengetedze. Imwe neimwe ye37 matiriyoni maseru ako inovimba neNAD+ kuita basa rayo ririkuenderera mberi.
Sezvo huwandu hwevanhu vari munyika huri kukura, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekuchembera zvakadai sehosha yeAlzheimer, chirwere chemwoyo, matambudziko emajoini, kurara, uye matambudziko emwoyo zvazova hosha dzinokosha dzinotyisidzira utano hwevanhu.
NAD+ mazinga anodzikira nezera, zvichibva pazviyero kubva kumasampuli eganda remunhu:
Mhedzisiro yezviyero inoratidza kuti nekukura kwezera, iyo NAD + iri mumuviri wemunhu ichaderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Saka chii chinokonzera kudzikira kweNAD +?
Izvo zvikuru zvinokonzeresa kuderera kweNAD + ndeizvi: kuchembera uye kuwedzera kudiwa kweNAD +, izvo zvinoguma nekudzikira kweNAD + mazinga mumatishu mazhinji, anosanganisira chiropa, skeletal tsandanyama, uye huropi. Nekuda kwekuderedzwa, kusagadzikana kwemitochondrial, oxidative kusagadzikana uye kuzvimba kunofungidzirwa kuti kunobatsira kumatambudziko ehutano ane chekuita nezera, kugadzira kutenderera kwakashata.
1. NAD + inoshanda se coenzyme mu mitochondria kukurudzira metabolic balance, NAD + inobata basa rinonyanya kushanda mumagetsi emagetsi akadai se glycolysis, TCA cycle (aka Krebs cycle kana citric acid cycle) uye electron transport chain, ndiyo nzira iyo masero anowana simba. Kuchembera uye kudya kwakakwirira-calorie kunoderedza NAD + mazinga mumuviri.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mumakonzo echikuru, kutora NAD + yekuwedzera yakaderedzwa kudya- kana zera-ane uremu kuwana uye nekuvandudza kugona kwekurovedza muviri. Pamusoro pezvo, zvidzidzo zvakatodzora mhedzisiro yechirwere cheshuga mumakonzo echikadzi, zvichiratidza nzira nyowani dzekurwisa zvirwere zvemetabolism senge kufutisa.
NAD + inosungira kuma enzymes uye inotamisa maerekitironi pakati pemamorekuru. Maelectrons ndiwo hwaro hwesimba remagetsi. NAD + inoshanda pamaseru sekuchaja bhatiri. Kana maerekitironi akapera, bhatiri rinofa. Mumasero, NAD + inogona kusimudzira kufambisa kweelectronic uye kupa simba kumasero. Nenzira iyi, NAD + inogona kuderedza kana kuwedzera basa re enzyme, kukurudzira kutaura kwemajini uye kusaina kwesero.
NAD + inobatsira kudzora kukuvara kweDNA
Sezvo zvipenyu zvichikura, zvakaipa zvezvakatipoteredza zvakaita semwaranzi, kusvibiswa, uye kudzokorora kweDNA kunokanganisa zvinogona kukanganisa DNA. Iyi ndiyo imwe yedzidziso dzekuchembera. Anenge ese maseru ane "molecular machine" kugadzirisa kukuvara uku.
Kugadzirisa uku kunoda NAD + nesimba, saka kukuvara kwakanyanya kweDNA kunodya zvakakosha maserura zviwanikwa. Basa rePARP, yakakosha DNA kugadzirisa mapuroteni, zvakare zvinoenderana neNAD +. Kuchembera kwakajairwa kunokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kweDNA kuungana mumuviri, RARP inowedzera, uye nekudaro kuwanda kweNAD + kunoderera. Mitochondrial DNA kukuvadzwa chero nhanho ichawedzera kupera uku.
2. NAD+ inokanganisa basa rehupenyu hurefu hwemajini Sirtuins uye inodzivisa kukwegura.
Iyo ichangobva kuwanikwa yehupenyu hurefu hwemajini sirtuins, anozivikanwawo se "vachengeti vemajini," anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano hwesero. Sirtuins imhuri yema enzymes anobatanidzwa muserura kusagadzikana mhinduro uye kugadzirisa kukuvara. Ivo vanobatanidzwawo mukuvharirwa kwe insulin, kuchembera, uye mamiriro ehutano ane hukama senge neurodegenerative chirwere uye chirwere cheshuga.
NAD + ndiyo mafuta anobatsira sirtuin kuchengetedza genome kutendeseka uye kukurudzira kugadzirisa kweDNA. Senge mota haigone kurarama isina mafuta, Sirtuins inoda NAD + kuti ishande. Mhedzisiro kubva kuzvidzidzo zvemhuka inoratidza kuti kuwedzera NAD + mazinga ari mumuviri anomutsa sirtuin mapuroteni uye anowedzera hupenyu mumbiriso nemakonzo.
3.Heart basa
Kusimudza NAD + mazinga anochengetedza moyo uye anovandudza kushanda kwemoyo. Kukwira kweropa kunogona kukonzera kukura kwemoyo uye tsinga dzakavharika, izvo zvinogona kukonzera sitiroko. Mushure mekuzadza iyo NAD + nhanho mumoyo kuburikidza neNAD + yekuwedzera, kukuvadzwa kumoyo kunokonzerwa nekudzoreredza kunorambidzwa. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti NAD + yekuwedzera inodzivirirawo mbeva kubva mukusagadzikana kwemoyo.
4. Neurodegeneration
Mune mbeva dzine chirwere cheAlzheimer, kuwedzera NAD + mazinga anovandudza cognitive basa nekudzikisa kuunganidzwa kwemapuroteni anokanganisa kutaurirana kwehuropi. Kusimudza mazinga eNAD+ zvakare kunodzivirira masero ehuropi kubva pakufa kana pasina ropa rakakwana rinoyerera richienda kuuropi. NAD + inoita kunge iine vimbiso nyowani mukudzivirira kubva kune neurodegeneration nekuvandudza ndangariro.
5. Dziviriro yemuviri
Sezvo isu tichikura, masoja emuviri wedu anodzikira uye tinobatwa zvakanyanya nehurwere. Tsvagiridzo ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti mazinga eNAD + anoita basa rakakosha mukudzora mhinduro dzemuviri uye kuzvimba uye kupona kwesero panguva yekukwegura. Chidzidzo ichi chinosimbisa kugona kwekurapa kweNAD + kwekusashanda kwemuviri.
6. Regulate metabolism
Kurwisa oxidative kukuvara
NAD + inogona kubatsira kunonoka kuchembera nekudzivisa kuzvimba maitiro, kudzora redox homeostasis yemuviri, kuchengetedza masero kubva mukukuvadzwa, kuchengetedza zvakajairwa metabolic zviitiko.
7. Batsira mukudzvinyirira mapundu
NAD + inogona zvakare kudzivirira nekurapa leukopenia inokonzerwa neradiotherapy uye chemotherapy, kuvandudza kuramba kwezvinodhaka kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwenguva refu kwePD-1/PD-L1 masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, uye kugadzirisa T cell activation uye kugona kuuraya bundu.
8. Kuvandudza ovarian basa
Iyo NAD + nhanho mumaovari echikadzi inodzikira nenzira inoenderana nezera. Kuwedzera NAD + zvemukati zvinogonakunatsiridza ovarian mitochondrial basa,kuderedza reactive okisijeni marudzi mazinga mukuchembera oocytes, uye kunonoka ovarian kukwegura.
9. Kuvandudza kunaka kwekurara
NAD + inogona kuvandudza circadian rhythm kusaenzana, kugadzirisa kunaka kwekurara, uye kukurudzira kurara nekudzora wachi yebhayoloji.
Nhengo dzakasiyana dzemuviri hadzipo dzakazvimiririra. Kubatana uye kudyidzana pakati pavo kuri pedyo zvakanyanya kupfuura zvatinofungidzira. Zvinhu zvakavanzwa nesero zvinogona kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo ipi neipi mumuviri nekukasira; Ruzivo rweneurotransmitter rwunofambiswa nekukurumidza semheni. Ganda redu, sechivharo chemuviri wese, ndiro mutsara wepamberi wenhandare yehondo uye rinonyanya kukuvadzwa kwakasiyana siyana. Kana kukuvara uku kusingakwanisi kugadziriswa, matambudziko akasiyana-siyana akadai sekukwegura achatevera.
Chekutanga, kuchembera kweganda kunoperekedzwa nekutevedzana kwekuchinja pamaserura uye mamorekuru mazinga, ayo anogona kuendeswa kune mamwe matishu kana nhengo kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana.
Semuenzaniso, kuwanda kwep16-positive masero (chiratidzo chekuchembera) paganda kunoenderana nekuchembera mamaki emasero ekudzivirira, izvo zvinoreva kuti zera rehupenyu hweganda rinogona kufanotaura kuchembera kwemuviri kusvika pamwero wakati. Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti microbiota yeganda inogona kunyatsofanotaura nguva yezera, ichisimbisa hukama hwepedyo pakati peganda uye systemic kuchembera.
Zvinyorwa zvekare zvakashuma kuti kukwegura pakati pemitezo yakasiyana-siyana mumuviri ndeye asynchronous, uye ganda rinogona kunge riri nhengo yekutanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekukwegura. Zvichienderana nehukama hwepedyo pakati pekuchembera kweganda uye dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri, vanhu vane chikonzero chekufungidzira nehushingi kuti kuchembera kweganda kunogona kukonzera kuchembera kwemuviri wese.
Kuchembera kweganda kunogona kukanganisa uropi kuburikidza ne endocrine system
Kuchembera kweganda kunogona kukanganisa muviri wese kuburikidza ne hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Ganda harisi chete chipingamupinyi, zvakare rine neuroendocrine mabasa uye rinogona kupindura kune kwezvakatipoteredza kukurudzira uye secrete mahomoni, neuropeptides nezvimwe zvinhu.
Semuenzaniso, ultraviolet irradiation inogona kuita kuti masero eganda asunungure zvakasiyana-siyana zvehomoni uye zvinopisa zvinopindirana, zvakadai se cortisol uye cytokines. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kumisa iyo HPA system muganda. Kuitwa kweiyo HPA axis kunoita kuti hypothalamus ibudise corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Izvi zvinobva zvaita kuti anterior pituitary gland ibudise adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), iyo inozopedzisira yaita kuti maadrenal glands abudise mahormone ekushushikana akadai secortisol. Cortisol inogona kukanganisa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehuropi, kusanganisira hippocampus. Kugara kana kuwandisa cortisol kuratidzwa kunogona kukanganisa neuronal basa uye plastiki muhippocampus. Izvi zvinozokanganisa kushanda kwehippocampus uye kushushikana kwehuropi.
Uku kutaurirana kweganda-ku-uropi kunoratidza kuti kuchembera kunogona kukonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze, ayo anotanga akonzeresa maitiro eganda obva akanganisa uropi kuburikidza neiyo HPA axis, zvichitungamira kumatambudziko ehurongwa sekuderera kwekuziva uye kuwedzera njodzi yechirwere chemoyo.
Masero eganda senescent anoburitsa SASP uye anokurudzira kuzvimba kutyaira kuchembera zvine chekuita nezera uye zvirwere
Kuchembera kweganda kunogonawo kukanganisa muviri wese nekusimudzira kuzvimba uye immunosenescence. Masero eganda ekuchembera anoburitsa chinhu chinonzi "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), iyo inosanganisira akasiyana cytokines uye matrix metalloproteinases. SASP ine physiologically versatile. Inogona kuramba mamiriro ezvinhu ekunze anokuvadza mumasero akajairika. Nekudaro, sezvo basa remuviri richidzikira, kuvanzika kukuru kweSASP kunogona kukonzera kuzvimba mumuviri uye kukonzeresa kusashanda kwemaseru akavakidzana, kusanganisira maseru edziviriro uye endothelial masero. Iyi yepasi-giredhi yekuzvimba mamiriro inofungidzirwa kuve yakakosha mutyairi wezvirwere zvakawanda zvine chekuita nezera.
Coenzymes inotora chikamu mumetabolism yezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita seshuga, mafuta, uye mapuroteni mumuviri wemunhu, uye anoita basa rakakosha mukudzora zvinhu zvemuviri uye simba metabolism uye kuchengetedza zvakajairwa physiological mabasa.NAD ndiyo coenzyme inonyanya kukosha mumuviri wemunhu, inonziwo coenzyme I. Inobatanidzwa muzviuru zve redox enzymatic reactions mumuviri womunhu. Icho chinhu chakakosha kune metabolism yesero yese. Iine mabasa akawanda, mabasa makuru ndeaya:
1. Kurudzira kugadzirwa kwebioenergy
NAD + inogadzira ATP kuburikidza nekufema kweserura, ichiwedzera zvakananga sero simba uye inosimudzira sero basa;
2. Gadzirisa majini
NAD+ ndiyo yega substrate yeDNA kugadzirisa enzyme PARP. Iyi mhando ye enzyme inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa DNA, inobatsira kugadzirisa DNA yakakanganisika nemasero, inoderedza mukana wekuchinja kwesero, uye inodzivirira kuitika kwekenza;
3. Shandisa mapuroteni ehupenyu hurefu
NAD + inogona kumisa ese mapuroteni manomwe ehupenyu hurefu, saka NAD + ine kukosha kwakanyanya pakurwisa kuchembera uye kuwedzera hupenyu;
4. Simbisa immune system
NAD + inosimbisa immune system uye inovandudza masero edziviriro nekusarudza kukanganisa kupona uye kushanda kwemasero eT anodzora.
Zvikuru, kuchembera kunoperekedzwa nekudzikira kunofambira mberi kwematishu uye maseru NAD + mazinga mune akasiyana siyana emhando zvipenyu, kusanganisira makonzo nevanhu. Kuderera kweNAD + mazinga anokonzeresa akabatana nezvirwere zvakawanda zvine chekuita nekuchembera, kusanganisira kuderera kwekuziva, gomarara, chirwere chemetabolism, sarcopenia, uye kushaya simba.
Iko hakuna kusingaperi kupihwa kweNAD + mumuviri wedu. Zviri mukati uye chiitiko cheNAD + mumuviri wemunhu chinodzikira nezera, uye chinodzikira nekukurumidza mushure memakore makumi matatu, zvichikonzera kuchembera kwesero, apoptosis uye kurasikirwa kwekugona kuberekwa patsva. .
Zvakare, kudzikiswa kweNAD + kuchakonzerawo akateedzana matambudziko ehutano, saka kana NAD + isingagone kuzadzikiswa nenguva, mhedzisiro inogona kufungidzira.
Wedzero kubva pakudya
Zvikafu zvakaita semakabheji, broccoli, avocado, steak, howa, uye edamame zvine NAD + precursors, inogona kushandurwa kuita NAD* inoshanda mumuviri mushure mekunyudzwa.
Dzora kudya uye macalorie
Pakati nepakati caloric restriction inogona kumisa nzira dzinonzwa simba mukati memasero uye zvisina kunanga kuwedzera NAD * mazinga.
Ramba uchifamba uye uchiita maekisesaizi
Pakati nepakati aerobic kurovedza muviri sekumhanya uye kushambira kunogona kuwedzera intracellular NAD + mazinga, kubatsira kuwedzera oxygen kupihwa mumuviri uye kunatsiridza simba metabolism.
Tevera miitiro yokurara ine utano
Panguva yekurara, muviri wemunhu unoita zvakawanda zvakakosha zvemetabolism uye kugadzirisa zvirongwa, kusanganisira kuumbwa kweNAD*.Kurara zvakakwana kunobatsira kuchengetedza mazinga eNAD*
05Supplement NAD+ precursor zvinhu
Vanhu vanotevera havakwanisi kurapwa
Vanhu vane itsvo shoma, avo vari kuita dialysis, varwere vepfari, vakadzi vane pamuviri, vakadzi vanoyamwisa, vana, avo vari kurapwa gomarara, avo vari kutora mishonga, uye vane nhoroondo yekusawirirana, ndapota bvunza chiremba wako ari kuenda.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi NAD + supplements chinoshandiswa?
A: NAD + yekuwedzera ndeyekudya kunovaka muviri kunowedzera coenzyme NAD + (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD + inoita basa rakakosha musimba metabolism uye kugadzirisa masero mukati memasero.
Mubvunzo: Ko NAD + supplements inoshanda chaizvo?
A: Imwe tsvagiridzo inoratidza NAD + yekuwedzera inogona kubatsira kuvandudza cellular simba metabolism uye kudzikamisa kuchembera.
Q:Ndeapi masosi ezvekudya eNAD +?
A: Zvokudya zveNAD + zvinosanganisira nyama, hove, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, bhinzi, nzungu nemiriwo. Zvikafu izvi zvine yakawanda niacinamide uye niacin, inogona kushandurwa kuita NAD + mumuviri.
Mubvunzo: Ndinosarudza sei kuwedzera kweNAD +?
A: Pakusarudza NAD + supplements, zvinokurudzirwa kutanga watsvaga zano kubva kuna chiremba kana nyanzvi yezvekudya kuti unzwisise zvaunoda kudya uye mamiriro ehutano. Pamusoro pezvo, sarudza mhando ine mukurumbira, tarisa zvigadzirwa zvechigadzirwa uye dosi, uye tevera dosage nhungamiro pane inoiswa chigadzirwa.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-06-2024
