NAD+ (Beta-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme inowanikwa mumasero mapenyu ese uye yakakosha kune dzakasiyana siyana dzezvipenyu, kusanganisira kugadzira simba uye kugadzirisa DNA. Sezvo isu tichikura, yedu NAD + mazinga anodzikira, zvichitungamira kune akati wandei matambudziko ehutano. Kurwisa dambudziko iri, vanhu vazhinji vanotendeukira kuNAD + yekuwedzera mune fomu yehupfu. Nekudaro, nezvakawanda sarudzo kunze uko, kuona kuti ndeipi NAD + poda yakakunakira iwe inogona kuve yakaoma. Kusarudza yakanakisa NAD + poda inoda kunyatsotariswa kwekuchena, bioavailability, dosi, kujeka, uye mhinduro yemutengi. Nekuisa zvinhu izvi pamberi, unogona kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo uye sarudza yepamusoro-mhando NAD + poda inotsigira hutano hwako uye kugara zvakanaka.
NAD inoitika zvakasikwa mumasero edu,kunyanya mu cytoplasm yavo uye mitochondria, zvisinei, mazinga echisikigo eNAD anoderera sezvatinokura (makore ega ega e20, chaizvoizvo), zvichikonzera zvinowanzoitika zvekukwegura, Zvakadai sekuderera kwesimba uye kuwedzera kurwadziwa uye kurwadziwa. Zvakare, kuderera kwakabatana nekuchembera muNAD kwakabatana nezvimwe zvirwere zvine hukama nezera, senge cancer, kuderera kwekuziva, uye kusasimba.
NAD + haisi hormone, ndeye coenzyme. NAD+ inogona kuvandudza kugona kweDNA kuzvigadzirisa, kuwedzera hupenyu nekudzoreredza kuderera kwe mitochondria, uye kudzivirira DNA uye mitochondrial kukuvara. Uye inogona kuvandudza chromosome kugadzikana. NAD + inozivikanwawo se "chishamiso molecule" inodzoreredza uye inochengetedza hutano hwesero. Muzvidzidzo zvemhuka, zvakasimbiswa kuti zvine simba rakasimba rekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai sehosha yemwoyo, chirwere cheshuga, chirwere cheAlzheimer, uye kufutisa.
NAD + inotora chikamu mune zvakasiyana-siyana zve biochemical reactions mukati memasero, akadai se glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, breathing chain, etc. Mumaitiro aya, NAD+ inoita seye hydrogen transmitter, inogamuchira maerekitironi nehydrogen kubva kune substrates uye yobva yazviendesa kune Mamwe mamorekuru, akadai seNADH neFAD, kuchengetedza intracellular redox chiyero. NAD + inoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi, kuchengetedzwa kwemahara radical, kugadzirisa kweDNA, uye kusaina.
Pamusoro pezvo, NAD + zvakare ine hukama zvakanyanya nekuchembera, uye mazinga ayo anodzikira nezera. Naizvozvo, kuchengetedza mazinga eNAD + kunoita basa rakakosha kunonoka kuchembera, kuwedzera simba, kusimudzira kugadzirisa kwesero, kuvandudza basa rekuziva, uye kudzora metabolism.
Zvikuru, kuchembera kunoperekedzwa nekudzikira kunofambira mberi kwematishu uye maseru NAD + mazinga mune akasiyana siyana emhando zvipenyu, kusanganisira makonzo nevanhu.
Naizvozvo, kuzadza nenguva iyo NAD + zvirimo mumuviri zvinogona kunonoka kuchembera uye kuve nechokwadi chehutano. Kana iwe uchida kuti zera ringove nhamba, wedzera NAD + nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti uite semudiki kubva mukati kunze.
NAD + mazinga anodzikira nezera, kunyanya nekuti chiyero chekugadzira hachikwanise kuenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekushandisa.
Huwandu hukuru hwezvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kudzikira kwemazinga eNAD + ane hukama nezvirwere zvakawanda zvine chekuita nekuchembera, zvinosanganisira kuderera kwekuziva, kuzvimba, gomarara, metabolic zvirwere, sarcopenia, neurodegenerative zvirwere, nezvimwe.
Ndosaka tichida NAD + supplements. Sezvakangoita mhando yedu 3 collagen, inogara ichirasika.
NAD + inogona kuramba kuchembera. Chii chiri musimboti wayo?
nad+ inomutsa parp1 gene kugadzirisa enzyme
Inobatsira kugadzirisa DNA Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekuchembera kukuvara kweDNA. Bvudzi rako jena, ovarian uye imwe nhengo inoderera, zvese zvine chekuita nekukuvara kweDNA. Kunonoka kurara uye kushushikana kunowedzera kukuvara kweDNA.
Zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti NAD+ inobatsira kumisa iyo PARP1 gene (iyo inoshanda seyekutanga anopindura kuona kukuvadzwa kweDNA uyezve inosimudzira kusarudzwa kwekugadzirisa nzira. PARP1 inotungamira mukuderera kweiyo chromatin chimiro kuburikidza neADP ribosylation yehistones, uye inobatanidzwa mune dzakasiyana siyana DNA. kugadzirisa Zvinhu zvinopindirana nekuzvishandura, nekudaro zvichivandudza kugadzirisa kushanda), nekudaro kugadzirisa kukuvara kweDNA uye kukurudzira kukonzeresa kwekuchinja kwemetabolism.
Muchidimbu, NAD + inogona kukanganisa zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga mabasa mazhinji akakosha emasero, anosanganisira nzira dzemetabolism, DNA kugadzirisa, chromatin remodeling, cellular senescence, immune cell function, zvichingodaro, zvichidzikamisa kuchembera kwevanhu.
NAD+ ndicho chipfupiso cheChirungu cheNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Zita rayo rakazara muchiChinese ndinicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, kana kuti Coenzyme I kwenguva pfupi. Se coenzyme inotumira hydrogen ions, NAD + inobata chikamu mune zvakawanda zvemetabolism yevanhu, kusanganisira glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, etc. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kupera kweNAD + kune hukama nezera, uye nzira dzemuviri dzakapindirana. neNAD + zvine hukama nekuchembera, zvirwere zvemetabolism, neuropathy uye kenza, kusanganisira kudzora cell homeostasis, sirtuins inozivikanwa se "kureba kwemajini", kugadzirisa DNA, PARPs mapuroteni emhuri ane hukama necroptosis uye CD38 inobatsira mukusaina calcium.
Anti-Kukwegura
Kuchembera kunoreva nzira iyo masero anomira kupatsanurana. Kusagadziriswa kweDNA kukuvadzwa kana kushushikana kweserura kunogona kukonzera senescence. Kuchembera kunowanzotsanangurwa senzira yekuderera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemabasa emuviri nezera; zviratidzo zvekunze ndezvekuchinja kwemuviri kunokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwemasumbu nemapfupa, uye zviratidzo zvemukati zvakaderedzwa basal metabolism uye immune function.
Masayendisiti akadzidza vanhu vanogara kwenguva refu, uye tsvakurudzo dzekutsvaga dzinoratidza kuti kune gene rine chokuita nekugara kwenguva refu muvanhu vanogara kwenguva refu - "Sirtuins gene". Iri jeni richatora chikamu mukugadzirisa kwesimba rekupa simba remuviri uye kudzokorora kweDNA kuchengetedza kutendeseka uye kugadzikana kwejini, kubvisa masero ekuchembera, kuvandudza immune system kuburikidza ne-anti-inflammatory uye antioxidant mhedzisiro, uye kunonoka kuchembera kweakajairwa maseru.
Iyo chete yakanangwa activation yehupenyu hurefu majini "Sirtuins" -NAD+
NAD + yakakosha kuchengetedza hutano hwemuviri uye kuenzanisa. Metabolism, redox, DNA kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa, kugadzikana kwemajini, epigenetic regulation, nezvimwe zvose zvinoda kubatanidzwa kweNAD +.
NAD + inochengetedza kutaurirana kwekemikari pakati peiyo nucleus uye mitochondria, uye kutadza kutaurirana ndicho chikonzero chakakosha chekukwegura kweserura.
NAD + inogona kubvisa huwandu huri kuwedzera hweakakanganisa makodhi eDNA panguva yesero metabolism, chengetedza kutaridzika kwemajini, kuchengetedza kushanda kwakajairwa kwemaseru, uye kuderedza kuchembera kwemasero emunhu.
Gadzirisa DNA kukanganisa
NAD+ yakakosha substrate yeDNA kugadzirisa enzyme PARP, ine zvakakosha pakugadzirisa DNA, gene expression, kuvandudzwa kwesero, kupona kwesero, kuvakazve chromosome, uye kugadzikana kwemajini.
Activate longevity protein
Sirtuin inowanzonzi hupenyu hurefu hweprotein mhuri uye inoita basa rakakosha rekutonga mukushanda kwesero, senge kuzvimba, kukura kwesero, circadian rhythm, simba metabolism, neuronal basa, uye kusagadzikana kusagadzikana, uye NAD + yakakosha enzyme yekubatanidza kwehupenyu hurefu mapuroteni. . Inomisikidza ese mapuroteni manomwe ehupenyu hurefu mumuviri wemunhu, achiita basa rakakosha muserura kusagadzikana kuramba, simba metabolism, kudzivirira sero shanduko, apoptosis uye kuchembera.
Ipa simba
Inokonzera kugadzirwa kweinopfuura 95% yesimba rinodiwa pamabasa ehupenyu. Mitochondria mumasero evanhu ndiwo masimba emagetsi emasero. NAD + yakakosha coenzyme mumitochondria kugadzira iyo molecule yesimba ATP, ichishandura chikafu kuita simba rinodiwa nemuviri wemunhu.
Kurudzira kuvandudzwa kwetsinga yeropa uye kuchengetedza tsinga yeropa elasticity
Mitsipa yeropa matishu akakosha pazviitiko zvehupenyu. Sezvatinokura, tsinga dzeropa zvishoma nezvishoma dzinorasikirwa nekushanduka kwayo uye dzinova dzakaoma, dzakakora, uye dzakatetepa, zvichiita kuti "arteriosclerosis." NAD + inogona kuwedzera basa re elastin mutsinga dzeropa, nekudaro kuchengetedza kusimba kwetsinga dzeropa uye kuchengetedza hutano hwetsinga yeropa.
Kurudzira metabolism
Metabolism ihuwandu hwemaitiro akasiyana emakemikari mumuviri. Muviri ucharamba uchichinjanisa zvinhu nesimba. Kana kuchinjana uku kwamira, hupenyu hwemuviri hunoperawo.
Muzvinafundo Anthony nechikwata chake chekutsvagisa paUniversity yeCalifornia, USA, vakawana kuti NAD+ inogona kunyatso kuvandudza kudzikira kwesero metabolism ine chekuita nekuchembera, nekudaro ichivandudza hutano hwevanhu nekuwedzera hupenyu.
Chengetedza hutano hwemwoyo
Mwoyo ndiyo nhengo inonyanya kukosha yevanhu, uye iyo NAD + nhanho mumuviri inoita basa rakakosha kuchengetedza kushanda kwakajairika kwemoyo. Kudzikiswa kweNAD + kunogona kuve kwakabatana neiyo pathogenesis yezvirwere zvakawanda zvemoyo, uye nhamba huru yezvidzidzo zvekutanga zvakasimbisawo maitiro ekuwedzera NAD + pazvirwere zvemoyo.
Kudzivirira zvirwere zvemoyo uye cerebrovascular
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti anenge ese manomwe subtypes e sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) ane hukama nekuitika kwechirwere chemoyo. Sirtuins anoonekwa seagistic tarisiro yekurapa kwezvirwere zvemoyo, kunyanya SIRT1.
NAD + ndiyo yega substrate yeSirtuins. Kuwedzerwa nenguva kweNAD + kumuviri wemunhu kunogona kumisa zvizere chiitiko chega rega reSirtuins, nekudaro kuchengetedza hutano hwemoyo nekudzivirira zvirwere zvemoyo.
Kurudzira kukura kwebvudzi
Chikonzero chikuru chekurasika kwebvudzi kurasikirwa kwebvudzi raamai sero simba, uye kurasikirwa kwebvudzi raamai sero simba imhaka yekuti iyo NAD + nhanho mumuviri wemunhu inodzikira. Masero aamai vebvudzi haana ATP yakakwana yekuita bvudzi mapuroteni synthesis, nekudaro achirasikirwa nehupenyu uye zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwebvudzi. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera NAD + kunogona kusimbisa kutenderera kweasidhi uye kugadzira ATP, kuitira kuti masero aamai vebvudzi ave nekukwanisa kuburitsa mapuroteni ebvudzi, nekudaro achivandudza kurasikirwa kwebvudzi.
NAD + cell molecule kurapwa
Sezvo zera richiwedzera, mwero weNAD + (Coenzyme I) mumuviri unodonha kubva pamawere, ayo anotungamira zvakananga kukushanda kwemuviri uye kuchembera kwesero! Mushure mezera repakati, mwero weNAD + mumuviri wemunhu unodzikira gore negore. Pazera remakumi mashanu, iyo NAD+ nhanho mumuviri inongori hafu yeiyo pazera remakumi maviri. Nezera re80, mazinga eNAD+ anongoita 1% yezvavaive pazera makumi maviri.
Saka, sei NAD + poda yakasiyana nemamwe ekuwedzera pamusika? Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya pane dzimwe pfungwa dzinokosha dzekufunga:
1. Bioavailability:
Imwe yemusiyano mukuru pakati peNAD + hupfu uye zvimwe zvekuwedzera ndeye bioavailability yayo. NAD + poda inotorwa nyore nyore nemuviri uye inoshandisa nemacoenzymes. Sezvineiwo, mamwe ma supplements anogona kunge aine yakaderera bioavailability, zvichireva kuti muviri unogona kusakwanisa kutora uye kushandisa izvo zvinoshanda zvinoringana.
2. Nzira yekuita:
NAD + poda inoshanda nekuzadzazve NAD + mazinga mumuviri, nekudaro ichitsigira akasiyana cellular mabasa. Zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinogona kunge zvine nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita, dzakananga nzira dzakananga kana masisitimu mumuviri. Kunzwisisa maitiro chaiwo ekuita kweakasiyana ekuwedzera anogona kukubatsira kuona kuti ndeapi akanakira zvaunoda iwe pachako.
3. Tsvagiridzo nehumbowo:
Paunenge uchifunga chero chekuwedzera, zvakakosha kuti uongorore tsvagiridzo iripo uye humbowo hunotsigira kushanda kwayo uye kuchengeteka. NAD + poda yanga iri nyaya yezvidzidzo zvakawanda, ichiratidza mabhenefiti ayo ehutano hweserura uye hupenyu hurefu. Nekune rimwe divi, mamwe ekuwedzera anogona kunge aine mashoma ekutsvagisa kutsigira zvavanotaura. Kunzwisisa humbowo hwesainzi kuseri kwekuwedzera kunogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo nezve mashandisiro ayo.
4. Zvido nezvinangwa zvako:
Pakupedzisira, danho rekushandisa NAD + poda kana zvimwe zvekuwedzera rinofanira kunge richibva pane zvaunoda uye zvinangwa zvehutano. Funga kubvunza nyanzvi yezvehutano kana nyanzvi yezvekudya kuti uone kuti ndezvipi zvekuwedzera zvinganyanya kukubatsira iwe. Zvinhu zvakaita sezera, mararamiro, uye hutano huripo hunogona kuita basa mukuona iyo yakanyanya kukodzera yekuwedzera regimen.
NAD +, masayendisiti anga achiidzidza kwemakore zana. NAD + haisi nyowani-itsva inowanikwa, asi chinhu chakadzidzwa kweanopfuura makore zana.
NAD + yakatanga kuwanikwa muna 1904 neBritish biochemist Sir Arthur Harden, uyo akazohwina Mubairo weNobel muChemistry muna 1929.
Muna 1920, Hans von Euler-Chelpin akazviparadzanisa uye akanatsa NAD+ kekutanga uye akawana chimiro chayo che dinucleotide, ndokuzohwina Mubairo weNobel muChemistry muna 1929.
Muna 1930, Otto Warburg akatanga kuwana basa rakakosha reNAD + se coenzyme mune zvenyama uye simba metabolism, uye akazohwina Mubairo weNobel muMushonga muna 1931.
Muna 1980, George Birkmayer, purofesa paDhipatimendi reMedical Chemistry paYunivhesiti yeGraz muAustria, akatanga kushandisa yakaderedzwa NAD + kurapwa kwechirwere.
Muna 2012, boka rekutsvakurudza raLeonard Guarente, boka rekutsvakurudza remakemikari anozivikanwa pasi rose Stephen L. Helfand, uye boka rekutsvakurudza raHaim Y. Cohen zvakateerana vakawana kuti NAD + inogona kurebesa tsvimbo dzeCaenorhabditis elegans. Hupenyu hwema nematodes hunosvika 50%, hunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwenhunzi dzemichero nechikamu che10% -20%, uye hunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwembeva dzechirume neinopfuura 10%.
Ongororo yesainzi netsvagiridzo pamusoro pehupenyu zvakagara zvichivandudzwa nekudzokororwa. Muna Zvita 2013, David Sinclair, purofesa wegenetics paHarvard University, akaburitsa "Kuwedzera NAD neNAD" mupepanhau repamusoro redzidzo "Cell". "Mushure mevhiki imwe yekuwedzera NAD nemumiririri, hupenyu hwemakonzo hwakawedzerwa ne30%. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa yakaratidza kekutanga kuti NAD + yekuwedzera inogona kudzoreredza kuchembera uye kuwedzera hupenyu hurefu. Tsvagiridzo iyi yakakatyamadza nyika uye yakavhura nzira yekurumbira yeNAD yekuwedzera senge anti-kuchembera zvinhu. .
Nekuwanikidzwa kunoshamisa uku, NAD + yakamisa hukama husinga patsanurike nekurwisa kuchembera. Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakiridzo yeNAD+ yakapotsa yatonga epamusoro SCI edzidzo magazini akadai saSainzi, Nature, uye Cell, zvichiva kuwanikwa kwakanyanya munharaunda yekurapa. Zvinonzi iri Idanho renhoroondo rakatorwa nevanhu murwendo rwekurwisa kuchembera uye kuwedzera hupenyu.
1. Tsvakurudza mukurumbira wemhando uye kubuda pachena
Kana uchifunga nezve chaiyo NAD + poda brand, zvakakodzera kutsvagisa mukurumbira wekambani uye kubuda pachena. Tsvaga mabhureki anotungamira kujeka mukutsvaga kwavo nekugadzira maitiro. Mabhureki ane mukurumbira anozopa ruzivo rwakadzama nezve NAD + yavo yekutsvagisa hupfu, kusanganisira mhando yezvigadzirwa uye mazinga ekugadzira avanotevedzera. Pamusoro pezvo, tsvaga kuongororwa kwevatengi uye zvipupuriro kuti uone kugutsikana kwevamwe vashandisi uye ruzivo nezvigadzirwa zvemhando.
2. Ongorora kuchena kweNAD + poda
Kuchena chinhu chakakosha pakusarudza NAD + poda brand. Yepamusoro-mhando NAD + poda inofanirwa kunge isina zvinosvibisa uye mafirita, kuve nechokwadi kuti unowana chakachena uye chinoshanda chigadzirwa. Tsvaga mhando dzinoitisa yechitatu-bato bvunzo kuona kuchena kweNAD+ yavo poda. Wechitatu-bato kuyedzwa kunopa imwe vimbiso yekuti zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nepamusoro-soro kuchena zviyero uye hazvina chero zvinhu zvinokuvadza.
3. Funga maitiro ekugadzira uye maitiro ehutano
Maitiro ekugadzira anoita basa rakakosha mumhando yeNAD + hupfu. Sarudza mabhureki anotevera akasimba emhando yekudzora matanho uye anoomerera kune Yakanaka Manufacturing Maitiro (GMP). GMP certification inova nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa munzvimbo yakachena uye inodzorwa, kuderedza njodzi yekusvibiswa uye kuve nechokwadi chakaenderana mhando. Pamusoro pezvo, bvunza nezve kuzvipira kweiyo brand kune inoenderera uye ehutsika hwekutsvaga maitiro, sezvo izvi zvinhu zvinogona zvakare kuratidza pahupamhi hwechigadzirwa.
4. Ongorora bioavailability uye kutorwa kweNAD + poda
Bioavailability inoreva kugona kwemuviri kutora uye kushandisa zvinhu zvinoshanda mukuwedzera. Paunenge uchisarudza rudzi rweNAD + hupfu, funga nezve bioavailability yechigadzirwa. Tarisa mabhureki anoshandisa epamberi masisitimu ekutumira kana matekinoroji ekuwedzera NAD + bioavailability. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvinhu zvakaita se micronization kana encapsulation, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kunyura kweNAD + mumuviri, pakupedzisira kuwedzera kushanda kwayo.
5. Tsvaga tsvakurudzo yesayenzi uye tsvakurudzo yekiriniki
Ane mukurumbira NAD+ poda mhando dzinowanzopa zvidzidzo zvesainzi uye zvekiriniki kutsigira kushanda uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvigadzirwa zvavo. Tarisa mhando dzinodyara mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira, sezvo izvi zvichiratidza kuzvipira mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zveuchapupu. Kusimbiswa kwesainzi kunovimbisa kuti NAD + hupfu yakamboyedzwa nekuongororwa kwakasimba, ichienderera mberi ichisimbisa kunaka kwayo nekuchena.
Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. yave ichiita bhizinesi rekuwedzera chikafu kubva muna 1992. Ndiyo kambani yekutanga muChina kugadzira nekutengesa mhodzi dzemazambiringa.
Iine makore makumi matatu echiitiko uye ichitungamirwa nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya R&D zano, kambani yakagadzira mhando yezvigadzirwa zvemakwikwi uye ikava yekuvandudza hupenyu hwesainzi yekuwedzera, yetsika synthesis uye kambani yekugadzira masevhisi.
Pamusoro pezvo, Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. zvakare iri FDA-yakanyoreswa mugadziri. Zviwanikwa zvekambani zveR&D, zvivakwa zvekugadzira, uye zviridzwa zvekuongorora ndezvazvino uye zvinoshanda uye zvinogona kugadzira makemikari kubva kumamirigiramu kusvika kumatani muchiyero, uye zvinoenderana neISO 9001 zviyero uye magadzirirwo ekugadzira GMP.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi NAD + supplements chinoshandiswa?
A: NAD + yekuwedzera ndeyekudya kunovaka muviri kunowedzera coenzyme NAD + (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). NAD + inoita basa rakakosha musimba metabolism uye kugadzirisa masero mukati memasero.
Mubvunzo: Ko NAD + supplements inoshanda chaizvo?
A: Imwe tsvagiridzo inoratidza NAD + yekuwedzera inogona kubatsira kuvandudza cellular simba metabolism uye kudzikamisa kuchembera.
Q:Ndeapi masosi ezvekudya eNAD +?
A: Zvokudya zveNAD + zvinosanganisira nyama, hove, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, bhinzi, nzungu nemiriwo. Zvikafu izvi zvine yakawanda niacinamide uye niacin, inogona kushandurwa kuita NAD + mumuviri.
Mubvunzo: Ndinosarudza sei kuwedzera kweNAD +?
A: Pakusarudza NAD + supplements, zvinokurudzirwa kutanga watsvaga zano kubva kuna chiremba kana nyanzvi yezvekudya kuti unzwisise zvaunoda kudya uye mamiriro ehutano. Pamusoro pezvo, sarudza mhando ine mukurumbira, tarisa zvigadzirwa zvechigadzirwa uye dosi, uye tevera dosage nhungamiro pane inoiswa chigadzirwa.
Disclaimer: Ichi chinyorwa ndecheruzivo rwese chete uye hachifanirwe kutorwa sechero zano rekurapa. Imwe yeruzivo rweblog post runobva kuInternet uye haina hunyanzvi. Iyi webhusaiti inongova nebasa rekugadzirisa, kufomatidza uye kugadzirisa zvinyorwa. Chinangwa chekuendesa rumwe ruzivo hachirevi kuti unobvumirana nemaonero ayo kana kusimbisa uchokwadi hwezvirimo. Nguva dzose bvunza nyanzvi yezvehutano usati washandisa chero chekuwedzera kana kuita shanduko kuhutano hwako hwehutano.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-05-2024
