Chidzidzo chitsva, chisati chadhindwa chinopa chiedza pamusoro pekugona kuitika kwezvokudya zvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya pakurarama kwedu kwenguva refu. Chidzidzo ichi, icho chakateedzera vanhu vanopfuura hafu yemiriyoni kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi matatu, chakaratidza zvimwe zvinonetsa zvakawanikwa. Erica Loftfield, munyori mukuru wekudzidza uye muongorori weNational Cancer Institute, akati kudya zvakawanda zvezvokudya zvakagadziriswa zvinogona kupfupisa hupenyu hwemunhu nezvikamu zvinopfuura gumi kubva muzana. Mushure mekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, njodzi yakakwira kusvika ku15% yevarume uye 14% yevakadzi.
Chidzidzo ichi zvakare chinotarisa mumhando dzakanangana dzechikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa izvo zvinonyanya kudyiwa. Zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti zvinwiwa zvakawanikwa zvichiita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira kudyiwa kwezvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya. Muchokwadi, 90% yepamusoro yevatengi vezvekudya zvakagadziriswa vanoti zvinwiwa zvekupedzisira-zvakagadzirwa (kusanganisira kudya uye zvinwiwa zvine shuga) pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvavo zvekushandisa. Izvi zvinoratidzira basa rakakosha rinoitwa nezvinwiwa mukudya uye mupiro wazvo mukushandiswa kwechikafu chekupedzisira.
Pamusoro pezvo, chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti zviyo zvakanatswa, senge zvingwa zvakabikwa zvakanyanya uye zvakabikwa, yaive yechipiri inonyanya kufarirwa chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa. Kuwana uku kunoratidza kuwanda kwechikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa mukudya kwedu uye zvinogona kukanganisa hutano uye hupenyu hurefu.
Zvinorehwa nechidzidzo ichi zvakakosha uye zvinoda kuti tinyatsoongorora madyiro edu. Zvokudya zveUltra-processed, zvinoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwekuwedzera, kuchengetedza, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, zvakagara zviri nyaya yekunetseka muminda yehutano uye hutano hwevanhu. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinowedzera humbowo hwekuti kudya chikafu chakadaro kungave nemhedzisiro yakaipa pahutano hwedu uye hupenyu hwedu.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti izwi rekuti "ultra-processed foods" rinosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kwete chete shuga uye yakaderera-calori zvinwiwa zvinwiwa, asiwo zvakasiyana-siyana zvepakeji, zvokudya zviri nyore uye zvokudya zvakagadzirira-kudya. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvinowanzove nemazinga akakwira eshuga yakawedzerwa, mafuta asina hutano uye sodium asi ichishaya chikafu chakakosha uye fiber. Kureruka kwavo uye kunaka kwavo kwakaita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira kune vanhu vazhinji, asi mhedzisiro yenguva refu yekuzvidya yave kubuda.
Carlos Monteiro, purofesa wezvekudya uye hutano hweveruzhinji paYunivhesiti yeSão Paulo kuBrazil, akati mune email: "Ichi chimwe chidzidzo chakakura, chenguva refu checohort chinosimbisa kushamwaridzana pakati peUPF (ultra-processed food) kudya uye. Zvose-zvinokonzera Kushamwaridzana pakati pekufa, kunyanya chirwere chemwoyo uye chirwere cheshuga chechipiri."
Monteiro akagadzira izwi rekuti "ultra-processed foods" uye akagadzira iyo NOVA food classification system, iyo inongotarisa kwete chete pane zvinovaka muviri asiwo pamagadzirirwo echikafu. Monteiro haana kubatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi, asi nhengo dzinoverengeka dzeNOVA classification system vanyori-vanyori.
Zviwedzere zvinosanganisira zvinodzivirira kurwisa mold uye mabhakitiriya, emulsifiers kudzivirira kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvisingaenderane, mavara ekugadzira uye dhayi, antifoaming agents, bulking agents, bleaching agents, gelling agents uye polishing agents, uye izvo zvinowedzerwa kuita chikafu chinofadza kana kuchinjwa shuga, munyu. , uye mafuta.
Ngozi dzoutano kubva munyama yakagadzikiswa uye zvinwiwa zvinotonhorera
Chidzidzo chekutanga, chakaitwa neSvondo pamusangano wepagore weAmerican Academy of Nutrition muChicago, yakaongorora vanhu vangangoita 541,000 vekuAmerica vane makore 50 kusvika 71 vakapinda muNational Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study muna 1995. data yezvokudya.
Vatsvakurudzi vakabatanidza data yezvokudya nekufa pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu anotevera. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti vanhu vanodya zvakanyanya-zvakagadzirwa chikafu vane mukana wekufa nechirwere chemoyo kana chirwere cheshuga pane avo vari pasi pegumi muzana yevatengi vezvekudya vanogadzirwa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, kusiyana nezvimwe zvidzidzo, vaongorori havana kuwana kuwedzera kwekufa kwakabatana nekenza.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa nevana nhasi chinogona kuve nemhedzisiro.
Nyanzvi dzinowana zviratidzo zve cardiometabolic risk muvana vane makore matatu. Hezvinoi zvokudya zvavanobatanidza nazvo
Zvimwe zvikafu zvakagadzikiswa zvakanyanya zvine njodzi kupfuura zvimwe, Loftfield akati: "Nyama dzakagadzirwa zvakanyanya uye zvinwiwa zviri pakati pezvekudya zvinogadzirwa zvakanyanya zvine chekuita nenjodzi yerufu."
Zvinwiwa zvakaderera-calori zvinoonekwa sezvikafu zvakagadziridzwa nekuti zvine zvinotapira zvekugadzira senge aspartame, acesulfame potassium, uye stevia, pamwe nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvisingawanikwe mukudya kwakazara. Zvinwiwa zvakaderera-calori zvinosanganiswa nehuwandu hwekufa kwekutanga kubva kune chirwere chemwoyo pamwe nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekuora mwoyo, chirwere cheshuga chechipiri, kufutisa, sitiroko uye metabolic syndrome, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kuchirwere chemwoyo uye chirwere cheshuga.
Dietary Guidelines yevaAmerica inotokurudzira kudzikamisa kunwa kweshuga-zvinwiwa zvinotapira, izvo zvakabatanidzwa nekufa kusati kwasvika uye kukura kwechirwere chisingaperi. Ongororo yaKurume 2019 yakawana kuti vakadzi vakanwa zvinopfuura zviviri zvinwiwa zvine shuga (zvinotsanangurwa seyakajairwa kapu, bhodhoro kana gaba) pazuva vaive ne63% yakawedzera njodzi yekufa nguva isati yakwana zvichienzaniswa nevakadzi vanonwa isingasviki kamwe chete pamwedzi. %. Varume vakaita zvakafanana vaive ne29% yakawedzera njodzi.
Sanganisa mune zvidyo zvine munyu. Flat yakaisa tafura chiitiko pane rustic yemapuranga kumashure.
Chidzidzo chinowana chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa chakabatana nechirwere chemoyo, chirwere cheshuga, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye kufa kwekutanga.
Mhuka dzakagadzirwa dzakadai sebhekoni, imbwa dzinopisa, masoseji, ham, chibage chemombe, jerky, uye nyama inonaka hazvikurudzirwe; ongororo dzakaratidza kuti nyama tsvuku uye nyama yakagadzikiswa zvine chekuita negomarara remudumbu, gomarara remudumbu, hosha yemwoyo, chirwere cheshuga, uye chirwere chisati chasvika kubva kune chero chikonzero. zvine chekuita nerufu.
Rosie Green, purofesa wezvakatipoteredza, chikafu uye hutano paLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, vakati mukutaura: "Chidzidzo chitsva ichi chinopa humbowo hwekuti nyama yakagadzikiswa inogona kunge iri imwe yezvikafu zvisina kunaka, asi ham haifungirwe kana huku nuggets. vari UPF (ultra-processed food).” Akanga asingabatanidzwi muchidzidzo chacho.
Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti vanhu vaidya chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa vaive vadiki, vairemerwa, uye vaive nehurombo hwekudya hwemhando yepamusoro pane avo vaidya zvishoma zvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti misiyano iyi haigone kutsanangura kuwedzera kwehutano hwehutano, sezvo kunyange vanhu vane uremu hwemazuva ose uye kudya zvokudya zviri nani vangangofa nguva isati yakwana kubva pakudya zvokudya zvekupedzisira-zvakagadzirwa.
Nyanzvi dzinoti kudyiwa kwechikafu cheultra-processed kunogona kunge kwakapetwa kaviri kubva pakaitwa ongororo iyi. Anastasiia Krivenok/Moment RF/Getty Images
"Zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa masisitimu ekuisa chikafu senge NOVA, inotarisa dhigirii rekugadzirisa kwete zvezvinovaka muviri, zvinofanirwa kutariswa nekuchenjerera," Carla Saunders, sachigaro weindasitiri yeCalorie Control Committee, akadaro mune email.
"Kukurudzira kubviswa kwemidziyo yekudya senge isina- uye yakaderera-calorie zvinwiwa zvinotapira, izvo zvakaratidza mabhenefiti mukurapa comorbidities senge kufutisa uye chirwere cheshuga, zvinokuvadza uye hazvina basa," akadaro Saunders.
Mibairo inogona kurerutsa njodzi
Chinhu chikuru chinotadzisa ongororo iyi ndechekuti ruzivo rwezvekudya rwakaunganidzwa kamwe chete, makore 30 apfuura, Green akati: “Zvakaoma kutaura kuti madyiro akachinja sei kubva ipapo nezvino.”
Nekudaro, iyo yekupedzisira-yakagadziriswa indasitiri yekugadzira chikafu yakaputika kubva pakati-1990s, uye inofungidzirwa kuti ingangoita 60% yeavhareji yekuAmerica yemazuva ese caloric kudya inobva kune ultra-processed foods. Izvi hazvishamise nekuti zvinosvika makumi manomwe muzana echikafu mune chero girosari chitoro chinogona kunge chiri chekupedzisira-chakagadziriswa.
"Kana paine dambudziko, nderekuti tinogona kunge tichitarisira pasi madyiro atinoita chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa nekuti tinenge tichinyanya kuchengetedza," akadaro Lovefield. "Kudya kwakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kungangowedzera nekufamba kwemakore."
Muchokwadi, chidzidzo chakabudiswa muna Chivabvu chakawana mhedzisiro yakafanana, zvichiratidza kuti vanopfuura 100,000 vashandi vehutano vakadya chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa vakatarisana nenjodzi huru yekufa kusati kwasvika uye kufa kubva kuchirwere chemoyo. Chidzidzo ichi, chakaongorora madyiro echikafu ega ega makore mana, akawana kuti kushandiswa kwakapetwa kaviri kubva pakati pema1980 kusvika 2018.
Musikana anotora machipisi akakangwa akakangwa ane mafuta embatatisi kubva mundiro yegirazi kana ndiro oaisa pamuchena kana tafura. Machipisi embatatisi aive mumaoko emukadzi ndokudya. Kudya kusina kunaka uye mafungiro emararamiro, kuunganidza kuwanda kwehuremu.
zvinoenderana nenyaya
Unogona kunge wakadya chikafu chisati chagayiwa.Zvikonzero zvacho ndeizvi
"Semuyenzaniso, kudyiwa kwezuva nezuva kwezvikafu zvine munyu uye madhiri emukaka akadai seaizi cream zvakada kupeta zvakapetwa kaviri kubva kuma1990s," akadaro munyori anotungamira wechidzidzo chaMay, Clinical Epidemiology paHarvard TH Chan Chikoro chePublic Health. akadaro Dr. Song Mingyang, purofesa wesainzi uye kudya kunovaka muviri.
"Muchidzidzo chedu, sechidzidzo chitsva ichi, hukama hwakanaka hwakafambiswa zvakanyanya nemapoka madiki akati wandei, kusanganisira nyama yakabikwa uye zvinwiwa zvine shuga kana zvekugadzira zvinotapira," akadaro Song. "Zvisinei, mapoka ese ezvikafu zvakagadziridzwa zvine chekuita nenjodzi yakawedzera."
Loftfield anoti kusarudza zvimwe zvikafu zvakagadziridzwa zvishoma ndiyo imwe nzira yekudzikamisa chikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa mukudya kwako.
"Tinofanira kunyatsotarisa pakudya chikafu chakapfuma muzvikafu zvakakwana," akadaro. "Kana chikafu chikagadzirwa zvakanyanya, tarisa sodium uye yakawedzera shuga uye edza kushandisa Nutrition Chokwadi label kuita sarudzo yakanaka."
Saka, chii chatingaite kudzikisira kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kwechikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa pahupenyu hwedu? Danho rekutanga nderekunyanya kufunga nezvesarudzo dzedu dzekudya. Nekunyatsoteerera kune zvinosanganiswa uye zvinovaka muviri zvezvikafu nezvinwiwa zvatinodya, tinogona kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo pamusoro pezvatinoisa mumiviri yedu. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kusarudza chikafu chisina kugadzikiswa pese pazvinogoneka uye kuderedza kudyiwa kwezvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya uye zvakaputirwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, kusimudza ruzivo nezve njodzi dzine chekuita nekuwedzeredza kwezvekudya zvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya kwakakosha. Dzidzo uye mishandirapamwe yehutano hweveruzhinji inogona kuita basa rakakosha mukudzidzisa vanhu nezve zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwesarudzo dzekudya uye kuvabatsira kuita sarudzo dzine hutano. Nekusimudzira kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekubatana pakati pekudya uye hupenyu hurefu, tinogona kukurudzira shanduko dzakanaka mukudya uye hutano hwakakwana.
Pamusoro pezvo, vanogadzira mitemo uye vane chekuita neindasitiri yechikafu vane basa rekuita mukugadzirisa kuwanda kwechikafu chekupedzisira-chakagadzirwa munzvimbo yechikafu. Kuita mirau uye zvirongwa zvinosimudzira kuwanikwa uye kugona kwehutano, zvishoma-kugadziriswa sarudzo kunogona kubatsira kugadzira nharaunda inotsigira kune vanhu vari kuedza kuita sarudzo dzine hutano.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-17-2024
